A series of large cross section D2 and M2 tool steels have been obtained and cross cut prior to heat treatment. Similar heat treating, time and temperatures, will be run in a salt bath furnace and a vacuum furnace. All parts will be tracked for process temperature via deep imbedded thermocouples. Data reported, including metallurgical results, for an independent laboratory.
Moisture analysis at different phases of the heat treat process is crucial as even trace amounts of oxygen and water vapor can lead to oxidation of the materials being processed. This paper explores why moisture reduction is critical and how to properly calibrate and operate an electrolytic hygrometer to monitor moisture in vacuum heat treating.
A commercial heat treating company draws on its experience and test results to determine which high-temperature alloys use for vacuum furnace baskets.
During 1986, a physical vapor deposition titanium nitride reactive ion plating unit, the first of its kind shipped to the U.S., was put in to operation. It was designed for electron beam evaporation of titanium, utilizing triode plasma configuration and hot filament ionization assist. This article outlines some start-up and learning problems, and describes present equipment, Vacuum Furnace Systems Corp. modifications, and helpful processing tips.
The third installment of our series on the practical aspects of vacuum heat treating explores the oxidizing and reducing aspects of vacuum and how the heat treater can cope with them.
Both theoretical calculations and experience indicate that high-velocity gas flow resulting in gas turbulence within the furnace hot zone is the principal factor for rapid quenching. Therefore, a high-volume recirculating gas atmosphere is essential for providing high-cfm flow through the work zone while conserving gas.
The third installment of our series on the practical aspects of vacuum heat treating explores the oxidizing and reducing aspects of vacuum and how the heat treater can cope with them.